In most compiled computer languages (e.g. C++, Java), static typing is used whereby the data type of every variable, parameter and function return value is known and 'type checked' at compile time. In languages with dynamic data typing (e.g. Perl, JavaScript), data types are not declared and unknown until execution time. This can provide greater flexibility for the programmer, but make it more difficult to understand. Some statically typed languages combine static and dynamic typing though the use of 'casting'.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Type_system
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